Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction Global Issues. Picture a situation in which most of the media, despite the overwhelming weight of medical opinion, refused to accept that there was a connection between smoking and lung cancer. Imagine that every time new evidence emerged, they asked someone with no medical qualifications to write a piece dismissing the evidence and claiming that there was no consensus on the issue. Imagine that the BBC, in the interests of debate, wheeled out one of the tiny number of scientists who says that smoking and cancer arent linked, or that giving up isnt worth the trouble, every time the issue of cancer was raised. Imagine that, as a result, next to nothing was done about the problem, to the delight of the tobacco industry and the detriment of millions of smokers. We would surely describe the newspapers and the BBC as grossly irresponsible. Now stop imagining it, and take a look at whats happening. The issue is not smoking, but climate change. Average Income Software Engineer Australia Immigration LawsThe scientific consensus is just as robust, the misreporting just as widespread, the consequences even graver. The scientific community has reached a consensus, the U. K. governments chief scientific adviser, Professor David King, told the House of Lords last month. I do not believe that amongst the scientists there is a discussion as to whether global warming is due to anthropogenic effects. It is man made and it is essentially caused by fossil fuel burning, increased methane production and so on. Sir David chose his words carefully. There is a discussion about whether global warming is due to anthropogenic man made effects. But it is notor is only seldomtaking place among scientists. It is taking place in the media, and it seems to consist of a competition to establish the outer reaches of imbecility. But these skeptics and illogical points against climate change are rather less dangerous than the BBC, and its insistence on balancing its coverage of climate change. It appears to be incapable of running an item on the subject without inviting a sceptic to comment on it. Usually this is either someone from a corporate funded thinktank who is, of course, never introduced as such or the professional anti environmentalist Philip Stott. Professor Stott is a retired biogeographer. Like almost all the prominent sceptics he has never published a peer reviewed paper on climate change. But he has made himself available to dismiss climatologists peer reviewed work as the lies of ecofundamentalists. This wouldnt be so objectionable if the BBC made it clear that these people are not climatologists, and the overwhelming majority of qualified scientific opinion is against them. Instead, it leaves us with the impression that professional opinion is split down the middle. Its a bit like continually bringing people on to the programme to suggest that there is no link between HIV and Aids. What makes all this so dangerous is that it plays into the hands of corporate lobbyists. A recently leaked memo written by Frank Luntz, the US Republican and corporate strategist, warned that The environment is probably the single issue on which Republicans in generaland President Bush in particularare most vulnerable Should the public come to believe that the scientific issues are settled, their views about global warming will change accordingly. Therefore, you need to make the lack of scientific certainty a primary issue. H 1. B visa Wikipedia. The H 1. B is a visa in the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act, section 1. H which allows U. S. employers to employ foreign workers in specialty occupations. If a foreign worker in H 1. B status quits or is dismissed from the sponsoring employer, the worker must either apply for and be granted a change of status, find another employer subject to application for adjustment of status andor change of visa, or leave the United States. Effective January 1. USCIS modified the rules to allow a grace period of up to 6. In 2. 01. 5, there were 3. H 1. B filed of which 2. In short, we would not be able to cope with a 4C average increase. As the Met Office noted, The poster shows that a four degree average rise will not be spread. The H1B is a visa in the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act, section 101a17H which allows U. S. employers to employ foreign workers in. Average Income Software Engineer Australia Immigration SkilledThe regulations define a specialty occupation as requiring theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge in a field of human endeavor4 including but not limited to biotechnology, chemistry, architecture, engineering, mathematics, physical sciences, social sciences, medicine and health, education, law, accounting, business specialties, theology, and the arts, and requiring the attainment of a bachelors degree or its equivalent as a minimum5 with the exception of fashion models, who must be of distinguished merit and ability. 6 Likewise, the foreign worker must possess at least a bachelors degree or its equivalent and state licensure, if required to practice in that field. H 1. B work authorization is strictly limited to employment by the sponsoring employer. On March 3, 2. 01. U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Service announced on their website that starting from April 3, 2. H 1. B visa petitions until further notice. 7 On April 1. President Trump signed a Buy American, Hire American Executive Order which sets broad policy intentions directing federal agencies to propose reforms to the H 1. B visa system. 89Structure of the programeditDuration of stayeditThe duration of stay is three years, extendable to six years. An exception to maximum length of stay applies in certain circumstances If a visa holder has submitted an I 1. H 1. B visa, they are entitled to renew their H 1. B visa in one year increments until a decision has been rendered on their application for permanent residence. This is backed up by the Immigration and Nationality Act 1. If the visa holder has an approved I 1. H 1. B visa until their adjustment of status can finish. This exception originated with the American Competitiveness in the 2. Century Act of 2. AC2. 1 1. 04a. 1. The maximum duration of the H 1. B visa is ten years for exceptional United States Department of Defense project related work. A time increment of less than three years has sometimes applied to citizens of specific countries. For example, during her time as an H 1. B visa holder, Melania Trump was limited to one year increments, which was the maximum time allowed then per H 1. B visa for citizens of Slovenia, which Melania Trump was then a citizen of. 1. H 1. B holders who want to continue to work in the U. S. after six years, but who have not obtained permanent residency status, must remain outside of the U. S. for one year before reapplying for another H 1. B visa if they do not qualify for one of the exceptions noted above allowing for extensions beyond six years. 1. Despite a limit on length of stay, no requirement exists that the individual remain for any period in the job the visa was originally issued for. This is known as H 1. B portability or transfer, provided the new employer sponsors another H 1. B visa, which may or may not be subjected to the quota. Under current law, H 1. B visa has no stipulated grace period in the event the employer employee relationship ceases to exist. Congressional yearly numerical cap and exemptionseditThe current law established in 1. H 1. B status each fiscal year FY. An additional 2. 0,0. H 1. Bs are available to foreign nationals holding a masters or higher degree from U. S. universities. In addition, excluded from the ceiling are all H 1. B non immigrants who work at but not necessarily for universities, non profit research facilities associated with universities, and government research facilities. 1. Universities can employ an unlimited number of foreign workers otherwise qualifying for the H 1. B as cap exempt. This also means that contractors working at but not directly employed by the institutions may be exempt from the cap as well. However, employers must show 1 the majority of the workers duties will be performed at the qualifying institution, organization or entity and 2 the job duties directly and predominantly further the essential purpose, mission objectives or functions of the qualifying institution, organization or entity. Free Trade Agreements carve out 1,4. H 1. B1 visas for Chilean nationals and 5,4. H 1. B1 visas for Singapore nationals. However, if these reserved visas are not used, then they are made available in the next fiscal year to applicants from other countries. Due to these unlimited exemptions and roll overs, the number of H 1. B visas issued each year is significantly more than the 6. FY2. 01. 0, 1. 29,5. FY2. 01. 1, and 1. FY2. 01. 2. 1. 41. In past years, the cap was not always reached. For example, in FY1. INS now known as USCIS announced on August 2. H 1. B applications was temporarily halted. However, when more accurate numbers became available on September 6, it became apparent the cap had not been reached after all, and processing resumed for the remainder of the fiscal year. 1. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services starts accepting applications on the first business day of April for visas that count against the fiscal year starting in October. For instance, H 1. B visa applications that count against the FY 2. Monday, 2. 01. 2 April 2. USCIS accepts H 1. B visa applications no more than 6 months in advance of the requested start date. 1. Beneficiaries not subject to the annual cap are those who currently hold cap subject H 1. B status or have held cap subject H 1. B status at some point in the past six years. LotteryeditEach year, generally on April 1, the H 1. B season commences for the following federal fiscal year employment authorizations are granted on October 1. Due to a pre employment application limit window of six months, the first weekday in April is the earliest that an applicant may legally apply for the next years allotment of cap subject H 1. B. 1. 7 H 1. B cap cases are delineated on the envelopes label, preferably in red ink, with Regular Cap for the bachelors degree, CS Cap for H 1. B1 treaty cases and U. S. Masters for the U. S. masters degrees or higher exemption. 1. USCIS publishes a memo when enough cap subject applications have been received, indicating the closure of cap subject application season,1. H 1. B lottery. 2. Those who have the U. S. masters exemption have two chances to be selected in the lottery first, a lottery is held to award the 2. Those without a U. S. masters are entered only in the second, regular, lottery. 2. Pro H 1. B pundits claim that the early closure, and number of applications received 1. Fiscal Year 2. 01. David North, of the Center for Immigration Studies, claimed that unlike other immigration categories, H 1. B filing fees, for applications which are not randomly selected, are refunded to the intending employer. However, applications that are not selected are simply returned unopened to the petitioner, with no money changing hands or refunded. Computerworld and The New York Times have reported on the inordinate share of H 1. B visas received by firms that specialize in offshore outsourcing,2. American professionals already performing their job functions and being coerced to train their foreign replacements. 2. The United States Chamber of Commerce maintains a list of years when the random selection process lottery was implemented. 2. The lottery process was challenged in Tenrec v. USCIS, a class action lawsuit in Oregon, but the case was decided against the plaintiffs. 2. Tax status of H 1. B workerseditThe taxation of income for H 1. B employees depends on whether they are categorized as either non resident aliens or resident aliens for tax purposes. A non resident alien for tax purposes is only taxed on income from the United States, while a resident alien for tax purposes is taxed on all income, including income from outside the US. The classification is determined based on the substantial presence test If the substantial presence test indicates that the H 1.
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